Wednesday, January 14, 2015

SQL: update the value of a column conditionally

The following template updates the value of a column conditionally.

UPDATE <table name>
SET <column name> =
      CASE WHEN <condition met> THEN <new value> ELSE <column name> END
WHERE ......;

What it does is that if the condition is met, set the column value to the new value, otherwise, use its old value.

For example, if you have a FRUIT table with the following data.

       NAME                PRICE               ORDER    LastOrderDate

       APPLE               1.99                    5               12/13/2014
       ORANGE           0.99                    99            1/1/2015
       PEAR                 1.99                    150           1/10/2015

If you want to reduce the price by 0.5 if by a certain order date the order is less than 100, you can use the following sql.

      UPDATE FRUIT
      SET PRICE =
            CASE WHEN (ORDER < 100) THEN (PRICE - 0.5) ELSE PRICE END
      WHERE LastOrderDate < TO_DATE('01/05/2014', 'mm/dd/yyyy');

The Result would be:

       NAME                PRICE               ORDER    LastOrderDate

       APPLE               1.49                    5               12/13/2014
       ORANGE           0.49                    99            1/1/2015
       PEAR                 1.99                    150           1/10/2015

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